积极财政政策宏观经济效益分析——基于宏观计量模型的研究

本文通过一个宏观计量模型来研究积极财政政策的宏观经济效益。与传统模型所不同的是，我们的模型不仅考虑了需求，同时也引入了社会的供给能力。研究表明，积极财政政策的实施为我国在2003年底彻底走出通货紧缩的阴影作出了不可磨灭的贡献。而到了2002年，积极财政政策的拉动效应开始递减，这为此后逐渐淡出的积极财政政策提供了一定的依据。     

Jointness in production and farmers' willingness to supply non-marketed ecosystem services

This paper highlights how farmers' willingness to supply non-marketed ecosystem services (ES) is influenced by whether or not the non-marketed ES are produced jointly with agricultural products. When marketed products and non-marketed ES share some production inputs the production relationships between the two may be complementary, competitive or substitutive. Using a cost minimization framework, it is shown how complementary relationships lead to costless voluntary provision of non-marketed ES (typically the case for ES that are supportive of provisioning ES for marketed farm products). It is also shown how competitive production relationships lead to provision of non-marketed ES at lower cost than when non-marketed ES are direct substitutes for farm products or are produced outside of agriculture. The paper closes by showing how the minimum willingness to accept (WTA) payment for ES that are complementary/competitive is less than or equal to the minimum WTA for the same ES produced in substitute or independent production relationships.     

Voting in assemblies of shareholders and incomplete markets

Summary. An economy with two dates is considered, one state at the first date and a finite number of states at the last date. Shareholders determine production plans by voting - one share, one vote - and at -majority stable stock market equilibria, alternative production plans are supported by at most percent of the shareholders. It is shown that a -majority stable stock market equilibrium exists if where S is the number of states at the last date and J is the number of firms. Moreover, an example shows that -majority stable stock market equilibria need not exist for smaller s.Received: 23 December 2002, Revised: 14 June 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D21, D52, D71, G39. Correspondence to: Hervé CrésThe authors are grateful to an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. Financial support from the Danish Research Councils and hospitality of HEC is gratefully acknowledged by Mich Tvede and support from Fondation HEC is gratefully acknowledged by Hervé Crés.     

上市公司会计信息生产模式改革的经济学思考

本文基于经济学的角度,从契约理论所决定的会计本质、会计信息市场失灵和会计管制等方面,探讨了改革上市公司现行会计信息生产模式的必要性,并且提出会计信息生产社会化是解决各种会计难题的根本途径。     

中国保险业范围经济的实证研究——基于广义超越对数成本函数的分析

在界定中国保险业范围经济内涵的理论基础上,本文引入广义超越对数成本函数构建了我国保险业范围经济的模型,首次对中国主要保险机构在1999～2004年间范围经济的情况进行了实证分析。研究结果显示,财险业整体范围经济并不明显,个体差异较大,与资产规模呈较强的正相关关系;寿险业总体呈现较为明显的范围经济现象,但随着时间推移而逐步减弱;中国保险机构需根据自己的要素禀赋结构和市场有效需求,不断推出新产品和新业务,开发出新的利润增长点。     

中国农村贫困地区脱贫与经济增长要素分析

通过对河南33个经济不发达县有关数据的统计分析，可以得出资本、劳动力和土地三个投入要素对农业产出的贡献率。结合当地扶贫资金和扶贫专项贷款使用落实情况统计资料、劳动力状况和后备土地资源统计资料，我们详细分析了贫困地区这三个要素对经济增长和脱贫的作用，以及这三要素之间的相互替代关系，重点强调资本投入及资本投向对于贫困地区脱贫及经济发展的重要性。     

Valuing ecosystem services: A shadow price for net primary production

We analyze the contribution of ecosystem services to GDP and use this contribution to calculate an empirical price for ecosystem services. Net primary production is used as a proxy for ecosystem services and, along with capital and labor, is used to estimate a Cobb Douglas production function from an international panel. A positive output elasticity for net primary production probably measures both marketed and nonmarketed contributions of ecosystems services. The production function is used to calculate the marginal product of net primary production, which is the shadow price for ecosystem services. The shadow price generally is greatest for developed nations, which have larger technical scalars and use less net primary production per unit output. The rate of technical substitution indicates that the quantity of capital needed to replace a unit of net primary production tends to increase with economic development, and this rate of replacement may ultimately constrain economic growth.     

"要素所有权"与"要素贡献"--论"按要素分配"问题的实质与衡量标准

我国实行的按生产要素分配，是根据不同生产要素的所有权关系，以及这些不同生产要素在财富的生产中所作的贡献产生的一种分配形式。“要素所有权”是生产方式的前提和起点，它决定生产资料和社会成员在各生产部门间的分配，是“按要素分配”原则存在的依据，“要素贡献”是按要素分配原则的最终决定因素。在按要素分配理论中，正确认识“要素所有权”与“要素贡献”两者间的内在联系和区别，是理解按生产要素分配问题的关键所在。     

技术效率、资本深化与地区差异——基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛分析

本文提出了基于随机前沿生产函数的地区增长差异分析框架,将各地区劳均产出差距分解为劳均资本差异、经济规模差异和全要素生产率差异三个部分。利用改革时期的省级数据,本文发现尽管要素投入仍然是中国经济增长的主要源泉,但全要素生产率是造成地区差异的重要原因,在地区劳均产出差异中的贡献份额不断提高,将成为今后中国地区增长差异的主要决定力量。而且,1990年以来中国地区全要素生产率呈现出绝对发散趋势,严重的技术扩散壁垒加剧了体制转轨过程中的“马太效应”,短期内地区差距不会随经济发展而缩小,政府需要通过适当的政策对地区发展进行调节,尤其要促进地区间技术扩散,使各地区更好地分享技术创新和体制创新的成果。     

我国公共投资规模效率实证分析

我国公共投资规模连年扩大,改善了生活环境和生产条件,但是否存在投资过度的风险?本文运用生产函数模型分析了公共投资规模效率存在的条件,使用协整的方法分析了大口径和小口径公共投资规模的最优规模,得出我国公共投资规模不足的结论。